Today, in interdisciplinary studies, it is important to establish a link between the concepts of the humanities and the Holy Quran. "Authority" is one of the fundamental concepts of modern humanities, which, despite the existence of works on it in Quranic studies, has not been looked at in an interdisciplinary manner and has not been studied based on its modern concept in the Holy Quran. The present study, based on a descriptive-analytical method, has analyzed the concept of authority and identified power and responsibility as its main components by referring to social science sources and observing the key definitions. By searching for those components in the Holy Quran, it tries to understand authority in the Quran and evaluate its relationship with modern authority. Accordingly, re-reading the concept of authority in the Holy Quran indicates that despite accepting power as the main basis of authority in the Holy Quran, the Quran's approach to the category of power distinguishes the Quranic concept of authority from its modern meaning. In addition, legitimacy in modern theories is more organized based on a sociological perspective and means popular acceptance and satisfaction. However, in the Holy Quran, in addition to the importance of a sociological approach, the content legitimacy of the institution of power and its possession of the components of responsibility, scientific competence, political and social justice are emphasized. This makes the legitimacy intended by the Holy Quran different from modern legitimacy, and in this regard, the concept of authority in the Holy Quran is distinguished from modern theories.