The Scope of Ihsan in the Qur’anic Discourse: From the Divine Realm to Human Relations
Document Type : مقاله پژوهشی
Authors
1 MA Student, Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
10.22084/qss.2026.32297.1228
Abstract
Ihsān is a central and frequently cited concept in the Qur’ān, extending beyond individual ethical virtue to encompass a network of divine, human, and social relations. Thematic and contextual analysis of the relevant verses shows that the Qur’ān presents ihsān as a comprehensive divine-educational model for regulating human relations with God, the self, and others. This study aims to clarify the hierarchical structure and application domains of ihsān, from the divine realm to human interactions. Using a descriptive–analytical approach based on thematic exegesis, verses related to ihsān and its derivatives were collected from authoritative commentaries, categorized, and analyzed. Findings indicate that ihsān operates in a three-tiered structure: at the first level, divine ihsān serves as the source of the system, manifesting in the creation of humans in noble form, granting dignity and caliphate, and providing relief after hardship; at the second level, human ihsān toward God is realized through monotheistic belief, conscious servitude, and sincerity in action; and at the third level, human ihsān toward others appears as the practical and social enactment of this principle. The typology of ihsān includes devotion to God, honoring parents, virtuous interaction with one’s spouse, social responsibility, and support for the needy. The Qur’ān promotes internalization of ihsān through a motivational framework encompassing divine favor, worldly blessings, and rewards in the hereafter.
Keywords
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Volume 4, Issue 2
February 2026Pages 240-267
- Receive Date: 04 February 2026
- Revise Date: 20 February 2026
- Accept Date: 20 February 2026